Page 166 - SST Class 06

The state has four components—territory,
population, government and sovereignty.
Territory

Territory is the total earth’s surface which is under
a particular state. It comprises of mountains,
deserts, plains, plateaus, rivers and seas.
Population Parliament of India State assembly of Lucknow

All people residing in a state form its population. Executive
A territory which has no population cannot be a The laws which a legislature makes, are enforced
state; for example, Antarctica is not a state
by the executive. The executive comprises of
because nobody lives there.
ministers, officers and other staff members. There
Government are many ministries and departments under the
executive. For example, the Ministry of Defence is
Government is a representative body of the
headed by the Minister of
people which formulates, expresses and executes Defence. He is assisted by a
the collective will of the people.
large number of officers and
Sovereignty other staff members. The
army, navy and air force are
This is the most important component of a state.
departments which protect
This means that a state has the supreme authority
in all matters under its control. That is, it can the state from any external A policeman
aggression.
make laws and enforce them in the state.

Thus, you can see that the relationship between Judiciary
government and state is that of part and whole. If the legislature makes a law which is contrary to
the provisions of the Constitution, then the
ORGANS OF GOVERNMENT judiciary can strike it down. Thus, the judiciary
interprets the law. The
The government has to perform a large number of
Parliament has made a
things. Also, it has to be ensured that the
law that theft is a crime.
government does not become autocratic.
Therefore, the government is divided into three If Ankur steals Mohan's
gold ring and Mohan
organs so that one organ controls another.
reports it to the police,
The three organs of the government are— then the judiciary will
legislature, executive and judiciary. punish Ankur if it finds Supreme Court of India

Legislature him guilty.
You must have seen elections. In them, people Relationship among Legislature, Executive
elect their representatives for different legislatures. and Judiciary
These representatives are elected for a limited These three organs of government are interrelated.
term. There are three tiers or levels of Each of them complements the work of the other
legislatures—Parliament at the centre; State two. For example, the legislature makes a law that
assemblies at the states (provinces) and local self- all people earning more than `500000 will pay
government in cities/towns/villages. The chief income tax; the executive will collect tax through
function of these legislatures is to make laws. The its income tax department; and the judiciary
laws should be as per the provisions and spirit of punishes a person who ought to pay income tax
the Constitution of India. but fails to pay it.

Contemporary Social Science-6
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