Page 27 - SST Class 07
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2.  Both of them collected produce from the doab         Administration :   The administration under the
               region as tax to feed the army which was fixed        Tughluqs was divided into four major departments :
               at one-half of the total produce; however,            Diwan-i-wizarat  (finance), Diwan-i-risalat  (religious
               Muhammad-bin Tughluq also levied additional           matters), Diwan-i-arz  (military affairs) and Diwan-i-
               taxes which unfortunately coincided with the          ansha  (court correspondence). Different nobles
               famine in the area and resulted in resentment         were the heads of different departments. The wazir
               of the people.                                        looked after revenue and general affairs of the
                                                                     Sultanate. He appointed high officials in different
            3.  Ala-ud-din Khalji paid his soldiers in cash and
               he regulated the prices of all essential              departments. The qazi was the chief judge     who
               commodities in the market, so that he had to          decided the criminal and religious matters; an
               pay less to the soldiers. On the other hand,          appeal could be made to the sultan. The bakshi  was
               Muhammad-bin Tughluq too paid his soldiers            the paymaster for the army. The ariz-i-mumalik  was
               in cash, but instead, he issued cheap currency,       the chief commander of the army who recruited,
               much like paper currency in the present times,        trained and equipped soldiers, though the supreme
               but it was counterfeited easily; it resulted in a     command of the army lay with the sultan.
               lot of loss to the treasury.
                                                                              SAYYID DYNASTY (1414-1451 AD)
            4. Ala-ud-din was a good administrator and he
                                                                    All the Sayyid sultans were weak and could not
               was praised for his measures. On the other
               hand, the ideas of Muhammad-bin Tughluq              administer well. They had to face many problems
                                                                    which they found incapable to tackle. This
               failed miserably which led to rebellions in
                                                                    dynasty ruled for a brief period of 27 years and
               different parts of the country.
                                                                    came to an end in 1451 when the Lodis took over
            CASE STUDY : TUGHLUQS                                   the Sultanate. The sultans of the Sayyid dynasty
                                                                                               ,
            The Sultan :   The sultan was the most powerful         were—Khizr Khan Sayyid Mubarak Shah Sayyid         ,
            person in the Delhi Sultanate. However, he had          Muhammad Shah Sayyid         and Ala-ud-din Alam
            delegated powers to the nobles by giving them           Shah Sayyid .
            land grants called iqtas, for the purpose of
            collecting taxes and maintaining army. He kept the                 LODI DYNASTY (1451-1526 AD)
            other powers in his own hands. Yet a tussle was
            always in existence as the nobles wanted to have        The four earlier dynasties were Turks, while the
            larger powers with them all the time, and they          Lodis were Afghans.
            revolted when they perceived any weakness in the        Bahlul Lodi
            sultan. So, the Tughluqs had to keep suppressing        Bahlul Lodi captured the throne of Delhi in 1451
            revolts one after another during their entire rule.
                                                                    and thus the Lodi dynasty came to power. He
            Another trouble spot for the sultan was the ulema,      tried to consolidate his Sultanate. He expanded
            who pressurised the sultan to rule as per the           his area of influence from Punjab to Bihar. Also,
            Quaranic law. A strong sultan did not listen to         he changed the Turk nobles with the loyal Afghan
            them much, but a weak sultan was bound to               nobles.
            appease them.
                                                                    Sikandar Lodi
            The Court :   The court of the Tughluqs was very
            ceremonial. All nobles were made to do sijdah. The      Sikandar   Lodi,   the
            sultan sat on a raised throne while the nobles had      son of Bahlul Lodi,
            fixed places to sit or stand. The guards and other      came to power in
            attendants met all needs of the court. A scribe         1489. He proved to
            noted down all commands and proceedings of the          be the greatest Lodi
            court.                                                  ruler. He expanded
                                                                    his     empire      by       Tomb of Sikandar Lodi
                                                                                        The Delhi Sultanate Period
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