Page 93 - SST Class 07

district of Haryana. They wore saffron clothes. a band of men and trained them
They revolted against the Mughals when one of in guerilla tactics. He harassed
their followers was killed by a Mughal soldier. much larger enemy armies of
They were determined fighters who fought almost Bijapur and Mughals because of
without any weaponry and caused a lot of damage his tactics. He declared himself
to the Mughals in 1672. the emperor of the Maratha
state in 1674 and assumed the
Quiz Time title of Chhatrapati. Shivaji

Fill in the blanks : Shivaji was succeeded by his son, Sambhaji who
1. __________ made Bengal independent. too was an able ruler. However, the following rulers
were not efficient, so the Peshwas concentrated all
2. The Mughal rulers after Aurangzeb are called powers in their hands.
__________ .
Peshwas : The Peshwas were the Brahmin ministers
3. The Afghan forces defeated the Marathas in the of the Marathas. They ruled from 1713 to 1761
__________ battle of Panipat in __________ .
with their capital at Poona (now Pune). In 1713,
4. __________ was energetic, intelligent and Balaji Vishwanath was appointed the Peshwa by
determined. the Maratha ruler. Soon, he concentrated all power
in his hands. He was succeeded by Baji Rao I and

Case Study : Marathas then Balaji Baji Rao .
Of all the regional political formations, the The Peshwas were very clever tacticians. They knew
Marathas were the most influential. Their sustained their strengths well, so they never attacked the
opposition to the Mughals started with Chhatrapati large armies directly. Rather, they raided other
Shivaji (1627-1680). He formed his small army with cities and engaged the enemy in the areas where
they could easily harass the supply lines of
the enemy.
Kabul
The Maratha empire expanded from 1720
Peshawar to 1761. They brought under their control
Khandhar ent Pa h t an m a large part of India, including Bihar,
Ind pend r Lahore
(Persia) Ti bes Jhelu Chenab Ravi
e
S l ut ej Odisha, Delhi and parts of the Punjab.
Multan Brahmaputra They also captured territories from Mysore
Panipat
Indus Delhi and Hyderabad.
JATS G ana g NEPAL
NEPAL
Agra Yamuna Gum ti Gagra
RAJPUTS The increasing influence had its positive
ambal Patna
Ch Allahabad Benaras and negative impact. The Marathas had
T ropic o f Ca cer
n
I I N N D D I I A A Chandernagore immense resources at their disposal, but
(Fr.) Serompore
Nerb dda Calcutta (Danish)
u
h
r T ibutory Chie fs Ma an a i d (Br.) at the same time, they created many
T ap i t
of
Diu Is. Surat G ondwana BAY enemies for themselves. This was the
ARABIAN (Portuguese) Daman(Portuguese)
Bombay Bassein Goda a
v ri OF reason that no other state helped them
SEA (Br.) MARATHAS
BENGAL when they fought with Ahmad Shah Abdali
in the Third Battle of Panipat in 1761.
K ris na
h
Goa
(Por.) They were defeated in this battle. After
Pulicat (Dutch) this, the Maratha empire was broken into
Madras (Br.)
Ka ve i r Sadras (Dutch)
Pondicherry (Fr.) small independent kingdoms.
Calicut
Tranquebar (Danish) (INDIA) ANDAMAN AND NICOBAR ISLANDS
Nagapatnam (Dutch)
Cochin POLYGARS Administration
(Dutch)
(INDIA)
SRI The Marathas did not pay attention to only
LAKSHADEEP
MALDIVES LANKA
I N D I A N O C E A N military campaigns, they were efficient
administrators too. They developed an
Rule of Marathas under Peshwas
Independent States in Eighteenth Century
93