Page 84 - SST Class 07

Sringar by Sundar Kavi Ray, the Kavita Ratnakar eighteenth century, Delhi became a centre of
by Senapati. Awadhi and Brij bhasha too started to Urdu and some poets like Mirza Ghalib, Shah and
evolve during this period. Nasir made it popular further. In the beginning, it
had a lot of Hindi words, but later, they were
Hindi was also patronised under other rules, such
dropped for Persian words.
as Bihari wrote his poems under the patronage of
Raja Jai Singh. Keshavdas lived in Orchha and Quiz Time
wrote the Rasik-priya, the Kavi-priya and the
Alankar-manjiri. Fill in the blanks :
Aurangzeb did not patronise Hindi but it 1. ____________ and ____________ made good
continued to develop by individual effort. progress during the Mughal rule.

2. Urdu was popularised by the ____________ .
Info Bits
Info Bits 3. Original works in ____________ could not be
written during the Mughal period.
Malik Muhammad Jaisi, a Sufi saint wrote Padmavat
in Hindi which is based on the attack of Chittor by 4. The ____________ saints also used Urdu as a
Ala-ud-din Khalji. link language.

Sanskrit 5. ____________ was made the court language
during the Mughal rule.
Original works in Sanskrit could not be written
during the Mughal period, but some important
works pertaining to it were done during this REGIONAL LANGUAGES AND LITERATURE
period, such as a Persian-Sanskrit dictionary by While Persian, Hindi, Sanskrit and Urdu
the name of Farsi-Prakash. However, individual developed on the national level, many other
effort fructified in this direction and the languages flourished during this period in different
Akbarshahi-Srangar Darpan was written by Padma regions. The important of them are Bengali,
Sundar and the Bhanuchandra Charita by Jain Gujarati and Marathi.
Acharya Siddhachandra. Two books were written The development of Marathi language and
during Shah Jahan’s rule; they are the Rasa- literature got an impetus at the hands of Bhakti
Gangadhar and the Ganga-Lahri by Jagannath
saints, such as Tukaram, Eknath, Vaman Pandit,
Pandit.
Ramdas, Sridhar Swami etc. Sridhar Swami
Urdu borrowed his themes from the Ramayana and the
Mahabharata for his writings. His works that
Urdu developed as a literary language during the
became famous were the Hari-Vijaya, the Ram-
Delhi Sultanate period when it was called Jaban-i- Vijaya, the Pandava-Pratap
Hindvi . It was a mix of Persian with Hindi,
Punjabi and other regional languages. It was etc. Other works in Marathi
language included the
popularised by the Sufi saints. The Bhakti saints
also used it as a link language. Many poets, Ramayana by Mukteshwar,
ghazal-writers and the Dasbandh by Ramdas,
the Yamak-Alankar by
masnavi-writers flourished
in the seventeenth and Vaman Pandit and the Ramayana
Kekawali by Moropant.
eighteenth century, but the
most important of them Gujarati
was Wali (1668-1744).
Gujarati language and literature developed during
Many other poets
this period. Some of the important works of this
borrowed heavily from his period were the Chitta-Vichar-Samvad, the
ideas and style. In the
Mirza Ghalib Shatpad and the Kaivalya-Gita by Akha, a famous
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