Page 33 - SST Class 07

NORTHERN INDIA Bidar and Berar. Later, Bidar was annexed by
Bijapur and Berar by Ahmednagar. All these
Kashmir kingdoms became part of the Mughal empire in

Earlier Kashmir was under the Hindu rule. Its first the sixteenth century.
Muslim ruler was Shamsuddin Shah . He was in F ind Outind Out
the service of the last Hindu ruler and seized the
throne in 1339. He was very harsh on the Hindus. Find out who was the founder of the Bahmani
He either converted them to Islam or drove them kingdom.
out forcibly. He also destroyed temples. Vijayanagara
The most famous sultan of Kashmir was Zain-ul- The kingdom of Vijayanagara was founded by
Abidin , also known as Budshah or great king. He Harihara and Bukka in 1336 AD. It lay to the
allowed the Hindus to return to Kashmir. He also south of the Bahmani kingdom. Its most powerful
restored temples. He was a man of learning. He king was Krishnadeva Raya who ruled from 1509
got the Ramayana, Mahabharata and Kalhana’s to 1530 AD. He was an able administrator and a
Rajatarangini translated into Persian. Kashmir valiant fighter. He fought many wars with the
became a part of the Mughal empire under Akbar. Bahmani kingdom and other kingdoms. He took
interest in overseas trade, maintained trading
SOUTHERN INDIA relations with the Portuguese. It made his
Bahmani Kingdom kingdom prosperous. He also paid attention to
agriculture. He built several dams, tanks and
The Bahmani kingdom was founded in 1347 AD
canals for it. He was a man of learning. He
by Hasan Gangu, who was an officer under himself composed a poem called
Muhammad-bin Tughluq. He took the title Amuktamalayada in Telugu. His kingdom is said
Bahman Shah , hence the name Bahmani
to be the most prosperous in the whole of India.
kingdom. Its territory comprised of the whole of
northern Deccan up to the river Krishna. It had to After the death of Krishnadeva Raya, the
successors of this kingdom could not hold for
continuously wage battles with the Vijayanagara
kingdom and Warangal long. The three kingdoms of Ahmednagar, Bijapur
in the south. It also and Golconda united and defeated it at the battle
annexed Warangal. It of Talikota in 1565. With this, this kingdom
had to wage battles in declined.
the north with Gujarat
and Malwa, and in the
east with Orissa, Andhra
Gol Gumbaj in Bijapur
and Madurai.

The most powerful personality of this kingdom
was Mahmud Gawan who was the chief minister
of Sultan Muhammad Shah III. He was an able
administrator. He reorganised the civil and
military administration efficiently. He also Vithalaswami Temple Hazara Temple in
regulated revenue efficiently. Unfortunately, he Vijayanagara
Info Bits
was a Persian and was disliked by the local Info Bits
nobles. So he was murdered in 1481.

The constant wars with Vijayanagara and other q Do you know about Tenali Raman? It is said that
kingdoms weakened it and it broke up into five he was a minister of Krishnadeva Raya. Many
kingdoms—Bijapur , Golconda , Ahmednagar , tales are famous about his wits and presence of
mind.
Regional Kingdoms
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