Page 49 - SST Class 07
P. 49

powerful during his rule. He mixed religion with
                                                                    aimed at bringing new areas under control, while
            politics, this was the reason that his problems         under Aurangzeb, these were meant to suppress
            never ceased as he had to pass his life suppressing     revolts because of his faulty policies.
            revolts one after another.
                                                                    Activity
                 Info Bits                                           Compare Akbar and Aurangzeb as far as their
                 Info Bits
                                                                     relations with other rulers are concerned,  in not
            The principle of Din-i-Ilahi was called Sulh-i-kul or    more than 100 words.
            universal peace. Jahangir has described it as thus :
            “In the imperial dominions of my father, there was              RELATIONS WITH OTHER KINGDOMS
            place for the people who professed opposite
            religions, and for beliefs, good and bad, and there     The relationship of a Mughal ruler with other
            was no place for intolerance; and he consistently       rulers depended on many aspects. When Akbar
            followed the principle of Sulh-i-kul.”                  conquered     the   Rajputs,   he    treated   them
                                                                    honourably and welcomed them in his fold;
                Quiz Time                                           therefore, he had amicable relations with them.
                                                                    He even forged marriage alliances with them and
            Tick (3) the right option :
                                                                    gave them high posts in his administration.
            1. Aurangzeb was against art /literature .              However, he continued to fight with those rulers

            2. Prem Vatika was written by Bihari /Raskhan .         who did not accept his authority. This trend
                                                                    continued during the times of Jahangir and Shah
            3. Dara Shikoh  /Abdul Hamir Lahori     wrote the       Jahan.   But   due    to  orthodox    practices   of
               Padshahnamah.
                                                                    Aurangzeb,     this  trend    was   reversed.    He
            4. Akbar allowed /did not allow  religion to mix with   conquered Shivaji, a Maratha ruler, but humiliated
               politics.                                            him, due to which his relations with the Marathas
                                                                    were strained and his problems never ceased
                                                                    during his entire lifetime.
                      REVOLTS, WARS OF SUCCESSION
                        AND MILITARY CAMPAIGNS                             F ind Outind Out

            All Mughal emperors had to confront revolts from
            time to time. The chief reasons for revolt were          Find out the reasons of conflict between the
            dissatisfaction  from    the    central   authority,     Mughals and the Marathas during Aurangzeb’s
            weakness of the central authority or willingness to      reign.
            form   an    independent    kingdom.     Moreover,
            whenever a Mughal emperor died, the war of               CASE STUDY : AKBAR
            succession broke out among those who claimed             Akbar got the Akbarnama     written about himself
            the throne. This aspect reached its extreme              which tells us about many aspects of Akbar’s rule
            towards the end of Shah Jahan’s rule when a war          and policies.
            of succession broke out when he was still alive.
                                                                     Relations with Other Rulers :     Akbar undertook
            The entire Mughal period saw a large number of           military campaigns to bring new territories  under
            military campaigns which were conducted for a            his control, but it was not the only method to  do
            variety of purposes. Military campaigns were             so. He also offered a hand of
            initiated to bring new areas under the Mughal            friendship to those rulers who
            empire. Many battles were fought to suppress             wanted to accept his suzerainty.
            revolts too. The policies of a ruler also determined     He did not interfere with their
            the number of military campaigns. Military               internal matters. He treated
            campaigns during Akbar’s time were chiefly               such rulers on an equal footing
                                                                                                             Akbar
                                                                                       The Mughal Administration
                                                                                                                 49
   44   45   46   47   48   49   50   51   52   53   54