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by Islam Shah who was a weak ruler and was
defeated by Humayun in 1555.
Quiz Time
Fill in the blanks :
1. Babur fought with ________ at Panipat in 1526.
2. Humayun defeated ________ in 1532.
3. Sher Shah Suri died in ________ .
Grand Trunk Road
4. Grand Trunk Road was built by ________ .
Sher Shah Suri was at the head of his
administration and had all powers. He ruled with AKBAR
the help of ministers and officials. His important This is beyond any doubt to say that Akbar was
,
officers included shiqdar munsif and qazi . His
one of the greatest rulers that India has ever
empire was divided into provinces, further divided
produced. At the death of Humayun in 1556,
into sarkars (regions). Each sarkar had a few
parganas (districts) made of many villages. The Akbar was only thirteen years old. He was too
young to understand the affairs of the state, so
head of a village was called muqaddam . The
Bairam Khan was
kotwal was responsible for the maintenance of
law and order in the district. appointed his regent. It
was under his regency that
Info Bits
Info Bits Akbar defeated Hemu, a
descendent of Sher Shah
Suri, at the second battle of
Sher Shah Suri had unique laws to prevent crimes. Panipat in 1556, and thus
If a robbery was committed, the concerned he occupied Delhi and
headman of the village was made to compensate Agra. Akbar
the victim, so the headmen were very cautious
against any crimes. A few years later, Akbar took the reign in his
hands. He conquered Gwalior, Ajmer and
Revenue Administration
Jaunpur. He annexed Malwa in 1561. But he did
In order to maintain direct contact with the not believe in only force. He offered a hand of
people, Sher Shah Suri collected land revenue friendship to the Rajputs. He forged marriage
through his officers. He got the cultivable land alliances with them and allowed them to rule their
measured in order to determine the amount of territories peacefully only if they acknowledged
revenue correctly. He also visited his people in Mughal authority. He himself married a Rajput
disguise. He ensured that the peasants were not princess of Amber, Jodhabai . He also offered high
troubled unnecessarily. posts to the Rajputs in his administration; for
example, Raja Man Singh, Raja Todar Mal etc.
Military Administration
The Rajput kingdoms that made peace with him
Sher Shah Suri knew that it was important to keep included Amber, Kalinjar, Bikaner, Jaisalmer etc.
soldiers satisfied. He paid their salary in cash and
in time. He prepared their descriptive rolls. The However, some Rajputs did not accept his
authority, so he fought with them and brought
horses were branded (dagh). In his military
administration, he was influenced by the policies them under his authority. He conquered Chittor
of Ala-ud-din Khalji. and Ranthambore in 1568. He fought with Rana
Pratap in the famous battle of Haldighati in 1576.
Sher Shah Suri died in 1545. He was succeeded It was one of the bloodiest battle in history. More
The Mughal Emperors
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